Homeopathy was established over 200 years ago by German physician Samuel Hahnemann. This idea dates back to Hippocrates (460-377BC), who also thought that symptoms specific to an individual should be taken into account before making a diagnosis. This is also an important principle of homeopathy, where an individual's unique symptoms are important in order to choose the correct remedy.
The idea of like curing like was not to re-emerge in any great way until a German physician; Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843) came to devise the system of medicine that we know as homeopathy. Hahnemann trained in medicine and chemistry. Working as a doctor in the late 18th century, he was dissatisfied with the conventional medical practices of his day. Blood-letting, purging and giving patients large doses of toxic materials such as arsenic and lead were common practice of the day. Hahnemann disagreed with these harsh medical practices.
He was investigating the effects of various medicinal substances on himself and other healthy volunteers when he inferred that an illness could be treated with a very small amount of a substance that, in larger quantities, could cause that illness.
To avoid harmful effects from normal doses of the substances he diluted each medicinal object until he reached the greatest dilution that would still produce a response. These experiments were called provings and led him to observe and describe the basic principles of homeopathic remedies.
Homeopathic remedies are manufactured by repeatedly diluting and succussing (shaking) a preparation of the original substance, mainly plants and minerals, in water and alcohol. After this the prepared solution is added to lactose tablets or pillules.